Ascomycetes have a very diverse living and feeding habitat.Some of the most important characteristics of ascomycetes are: Penicillium, Candida, Neurospora are some of the most useful organisms of this group. This group possesses a sexual structure which is called ascopores, produced in a sac like structures called as ascus. Phylum Ascomycota together with Basidiomycota forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Their anatomy and working differs not only as per their physical features but also as per their living and food habitats.Īscomycete is also a type of fungus that is not only useful to modern medicine but also to bakery and brewing industries. Adiantum is a fern species found in the temperate and tropical regions of the world.Fungus is a microorganism that includes microorganisms like yeast and moulds to mushrooms that we find everywhere around us. The more advanced sori have a mixed character and it extends the period beyond that for simple simultaneously maturing sori or solitary sporangia. This sequence or change has an adaptive significance and is most likely related to the spore production duration. What is the adaptive significance of sori in Adiantum? During its development stage, sorus in some plants is covered and protected by a thin flap or a scale of tissue called an indusium. Within the clusters, the sporangia have several haploid spores. The sorus is made up of small, circular bodies known as sporangia. The pairs of sori are covered with pairs of indusia which, on the maturity of the sporangia, open out opposite to each other. The sori are in the form of lines which branch out from the lower part of the pinnule in a fan-shaped manner. a similar spore mass in certain fungi and lichens.
one of the clusters of sporangia on the back of the fronds of ferns. Because they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. Pteridophytes or Pteridophyta, are vascular plants that reproduce and disperse via spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores. What is a true fern?įerns are plants that do not have flowers. They provide the main features for identifying the different genera. The shape and position of the sori are important for identification of ferns. What are fern sori and what is their function?Įach sorus is a cluster of sporangia. The blade may be variously divided, into segments called pinnae single leaflets are pinna. The midrib is the main axis of the blade, and the tip of the frond is its apex. Fronds are usually composed of a leafy blade and petiole (leaf stalk). The leaves of ferns are often called fronds. Once released, the spores germinate readily on contact with damp soil. When mature, the spores are released from the sporangia. Sporangia are aggregated into clusters called sori. Most ferns produce 64 spores in each sporangium. It is found usually on the lower surface of the leaves of ferns. In Botany, Sorus, (sori in plural), is a yellow-brown cluster of structures that produce spores (sporangia). What are sori explain with reference to Pteridophytes? Although Clubmosses and Spikemosses can look superficially similar, Spikemosses are actually more closely related to Quillworts. The ferns (Pteridophytes) are more closely related to seed plants. Are ferns more closely related to club mosses or to seed plants? The root structure of a mature frond is supported underground by the rhizome. The fertilized embryo grows a root into the ground and a plant leaf above, eventually becoming a mature frond. Once the spores are released from a mature plant, they germinate to form the prothallus. Like all leaves, fronds usually have a stalk connecting them to the main stem. Fronds have particular terms describing their components. In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds and some botanists restrict the term to this group.
What is frond in biology?Ī frond is a large, divided leaf. Sorus, plural sori, in botany, brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves. What is the definition of Sori in biology?
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